姜森颢1,3，刘双凤2，蔡 勋2,3

（1 盐城师范学院江苏滩涂生物农业协同创新中心，江苏省滩涂生物资源与环境保护重点建设实验室，江苏省盐土生物资源研究重点实验室，生命科学与技术学院，江苏 盐城 224051；
2 哈尔滨市农业科学院水产研究分院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150078；
3 大连海洋大学辽宁省海洋生物资源恢复与生境修复重点实验室，辽宁 大连 116023）

摘要：研究了刺参养殖池塘主要生态因子周年变化规律及养殖关键期重要生态因子的时空变化特点，以期明确参池基础生态学特征，为刺参养殖生产和管理提供科学支持。通过相应的国家标准和规范方法对养殖池塘水温、盐度、pH值、溶氧量、透明度、氨氮浓度和化学需氧量等参数进行了全年监测。结果表明：刺参养殖池塘年平均水温为13.69 ± 9.84 ºC，波动范围为-1.80 ~ 26.63 ºC，水温与初级生产力呈显著正相关性(P＜0.05)。融冰期水温呈由表层至底层逐渐升高的趋势；盐度年平均值为30.95 ± 2.96，冬季较高，夏季较低。融冰期盐度随水深的增加而升高；年平均pH值为7.94 ± 0.17，高温期存在昼夜变化现象；氨氮浓度年平均值为47.42 ± 34.87 µg/L，高温期存在明显的垂直和昼夜变化现象；透明度、溶氧量和化学需氧量的年平均值分别为1.03 ± 0.48 m、8.40 ± 1.34 mg/L和17.46 ±1.75 mg/L。所调查池塘刺参养殖环境条件总体较好，这为高产养殖奠定了基础。

关键词：刺参；养殖池塘；生态因子；变化特征

Annual variation characteristics of the major ecological factors in the culture ponds of Apostichopus japonicus selenka
JIANG Senhao1,3, LIU Shuangfeng2, CAI Xun2,3
(1 Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, College of Life Science and Technology, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, China;
2 Division of Aquaculture Research, Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150078, China;
3 Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China)

Abstract: The annual variation rules of major ecological factors and temporal and spatial changing characteristics of some important factors in the critical periods in the culture ponds of Apostichopus japonicus Selenka were investigated. It aimed to define the basic ecological characteristics of the A. japonicus pond and provide the scientific support for the culture production and management of A. japonicus. The annual water temperature, salinity, pH value, dissolved oxygen, transparency, NH4+-N concentration and COD were determined by the national standards and popular methods. The results showed that the annual mean value of seawater temperature was 13.69 ± 9.84 ºC in the culture pond, the fluctuation ranges were -1.80 ~ 26.63 ºC. The water temperature and primary productivity showed the significant positive correlations (P<0.05). In the frost-melting period, the water temperatures were gradually increasing from shallower to deeper water layers. The annual mean value of salinity was 30.95 ± 2.96, it was higher in winter and lower in summer. The salinity values were raising with the increasing of water depths in the frost-melting period. The annual mean values of pH was 7.94 ± 0.17, it showed the phenomenon of diurnal variations in the high-temperature period. The annual mean value of NH4+-N was 47.42 ± 34.87 µg/L, it obviously showed the phenomenons of vertical and diurnal variations in the high-temperature period. The annual mean values of transparency, dissolved oxygen and COD were 1.03 ± 0.48 m, 8.40 ± 1.34 mgO2/L and 17.46 ±1.75 mgO2/L, respectively. The environmental conditions for A. japonicus culture in the investigated ponds were good in general, which laid the foundations for the high-yield culture.

Key Words: Apostichopus japonicus Selenka; culture pond; ecological factor; variation characteristics