徐 皓，赵新颖，刘 晃，谌志新，梁建生
（农业部渔业装备与工程技术重点实验室，中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所，上海 200092）

摘 要：阐述了我国渔船发展的现状：捕捞渔船数量多、规模大、能耗高，木质渔船仍是捕捞渔船的主体；渔船玻璃钢化具备了一定的技术和产业基础，但发展滞缓；远洋渔船建造技术基础初步形成；船型优化技术研究与应用取得成效。指出了我国渔船装备存在的主要问题：渔船装备老化现象严重；船型杂乱；主机配置及船机桨匹配差异大；玻璃钢渔船推广应用难度较大；过洋性作业渔船装备面临升级换代；大洋性作业渔船整体性能落后。提出了发展战略：重点推进近海渔船“以小置大、以钢代木”工程，实施标准化升级改造；加快实施远洋渔船装备国产化进程；发展现代化科学考察船和渔政管理船；鼓励发展海上养殖渔船与休闲垂钓渔船。

关键词：海洋渔船；现状与问题；发展战略

Study on management strategy of fishing vessels development in China
XU Hao，ZHAO Xin-ying，LIU Huang，CHEN Zhi-xin，LIANG Jian-sheng
(Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture; Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200092,China )

Abstract: The present status of Chinese fishing vessels are large number, large scale, and high energy consumption; wooden fishing boats are still the main part of the fishing vessels; fiberglass fishing boat with a certain amount of technology and industrial base, but the development is still stagnated; the basis construction technology of ocean fishing vessel is initial formation; ship optimization technology research and application get some achievement .The main problems of fishing boats and equipment in China are serious aging; vessel hull forms clutter; match of engine configuration, and match of ship, machine, propeller have big differences; promote the application of fiberglass fishing boats is quite difficult; ocean fishing vessels and equipment upgrading; the overall performance of pelagic fishing vessels fall behind. The development strategy are: focus on promoting offshore fishing boat “replacing small fishing vessels with large，and wood with steel works”; the implementation of standardized upgrade; accelerate the implementation of the process of offshore fishing vessels and equipment; the development of modern scientific research vessel and fishery administration vessel; encourage the development of mariculture vessels and recreational fishing vessels.

Key words: ocean fishing vessels; status quo and problems; development strategy

基金项目：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目“渔业节能关键技术研究与重大设备开发”（201003024）

作者简介：徐皓（1962—），男，研究员，研究方向：渔业装备与工程。E-mail: xuhao@www.duplicityduo.com

（来源：《渔业现代化》2012,39(1),1-5,10）