王学锋^1，2，冯 波²，卢伙胜²
（1 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所，广州 510300；2 广东海洋大学水产学院，湛江 524025）

摘要：采用分层随机抽样的方法，利用Shanon-weiner群落多样性指数（H’），Pileou均匀度（J’）指数及相对多度（RD）等分析了2008年南海北部海域拖网渔获物组成的多样性；根据渔获物季度月组成，分析了主要种类的季节更替规律。研究表明，拖网渔获组成多样性指数介于3.36~5.36，均匀度指数介于0.54~0.74，优势度指数介于0.08~0.89，季节更替率介于22.83 %~32.50 %。另外，经济种类的优质鱼类与低质鱼类的产量比例为21%，与20世纪80年代相比，优质鱼类与经济鱼类的比率仍呈下降趋势，优质鱼类个体日趋小型化。
关键词：渔获组成；物种多样性；拖网；渔业；南海北部

Catch composition and species diversity of the bottom trawl fishery in the northern South China Sea in 2008
WANG Xue-feng ^{1, 2}, Feng Bo ², Lu Huo-sheng ²
( 1 South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China;
2 Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China )

Abstract: Using stratified sampling method, the structure, species composition and seasonal dynamics of the bottom trawl catch in 2008 in the northern South China Sea (SCS) were analyzed. It was found that the diversity index ranged from 3.56 to 5.36 for Shanon-weiner (H’), 0.54 to 0.74 for Pielou’s evenness index (J) and 0.08 to 0.89 for relative dominant index (RD). The seasonal turnover rate of major species communities varied between 22.83 % and 32.50 %. The ratio of high-low quality species has tended to decrease since 1950s, though the ratio begins to declining. Special attentions should be paid that the major high quality species composition has changed and the total trawl catch has decreased although the fishing efforts increased, and meantime the proportion of small fish in the catch has been increasing.

Key words: catch composition；; species diversity；; trawl； fisheries; northern South China Sea


基金项目：国家自然科学基金（30771653）；农业部北部湾渔业资源调查与评估（0509109）；农业部海水养殖生态与质量控制重点开放实验室基金（2008B1205）
作者简介：王学锋（1980—），男，讲师，在读博士，主要从事渔业生态的教学与科研工作。E-mail: xuefeng1999@126.com
通讯作者：卢伙胜，男，教授。E-mail: Luhs@gdou.edu.cn

 (来源：《渔业现代化》2010.37(1)：47-51)