王学锋^1，2，3，李纯厚¹，贾晓平¹，廖秀丽¹

（1 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所，广州 510300；
2 广东海洋大学水产学院，湛江524025；3 上海海洋大学海洋科学学院，上海201306）

摘要：根据1998年2月—1999年5月在北部湾海域按季度进行的4个航次的生态综合调查资料，研究了海樽类的种类组成、季节变化及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明：北部湾调查海区的海樽类至少有12种，其中小齿海樽（Doliolum denticulatum）、双尾纽鳃樽（Thalia democratica）、双尾纽鳃樽东方亚种（Thalia decocratica orientalis）为优势种；四季的平均丰度依次为春季（2.5 ind/m3）>冬季（0.6 ind/m3）>夏季（0.1 ind/m3）>秋季（0.08 ind/m3）。典范对应分析表明，盐度是影响北部湾海樽类群落结构的主要因子，而其它环境因子（溶解氧，pH, 水温）的影响较小。受北部湾沿岸入海径流、琼州海峡入湾水及外海入侵海水3大水系混合的影响，海樽类的丰度、分布呈现明显的季节波动。

关键词：海樽类；丰度；生物特征；北部湾

Species composition and distribution of Thaliacea (Tunicata) in the Beibu Gulf

WANG Xue-feng ^{1, 2, 3}, LI Chun-hou¹, JIA Xiao-ping¹, LIAO Xiu-li¹
( 1 South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China;
2.Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China;
3 College of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China )

Abstract: Based on the data of four seasonal investigations in the Beibu Gulf from Feb. in 1998 to May in 1999, the species/assemblage composition and their seasonal horizontal distributions of Thaliacea were analyzed, and their relations with their living environment were discussed. The results indicated that the Thaliacea in the Gulf included 12 species at least, among which the Doliolum denticulatum, Thalia democratica, Thalia.decocratica orientalis were dominant species. The horizontal abundance of Thaliacea was 2.5, 0.6, 0.1, 0.08 ind/m3 in spring, winter, summer and autumn respectively. The Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the abundance and its horizontal distribution were mainly influenced by the salinity of the Gulf, and less by the other factors (DO, sea surface temperature and pH). The coastal runoff, external sea water into the gulf mixed with the gulf water, of which seasonal variation greatly influenced the abundance and seasonal distribution pattern of Thaliacea.

Key words: Beibu Gulf; Thaliacea; abundance; biological characteristics


基金项目：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项基金项目（2008YD03，2008TS03）；农业部海水养殖生态与质量控制重点开放实验室开放基金（2008B1205）
作者简介：王学锋（1980—），男，讲师，博士研究生，主要从事渔业生态的科研与教学工作。E-mail: xuefeng1999@126.com
通讯作者：贾晓平（1949—），研究员，主要从事海洋渔业生态环境评价与保护方面的研究。E-mail: jiaxiaoping53@163.com

(来源：《渔业现代化》2010.37(1)：59-63)